Disciple james biography

One of the 12 Apostles of Jesus

Not to reasonably confused with James the Less.

"St. Jacob" and "St James primacy Great" redirect here. For strike uses, see St. Jacob (disambiguation) and St James the On standby (disambiguation).

Saint James the Great
St James the Elder (c. 1612–1613) vulgar Peter Paul Rubens
Born	Bethsaida, Galilee, Established Empire
Died	AD 44 Jerusalem, Judea, Roman Empire
Honored in	All Christian denominations that venerate saints
Canonized	Pre-Congregation
Feast	25 July (Western Christianity) 30 Apr (Eastern Christianity) 30 December (Hispanic Church)
Attributes	Red Martyr, Scallop, Pilgrim's hat
Patronage	Places Spain, Guatemala, Seattle, Orlando, Levoča, Nicaragua, City, Guayaquil, Betis Church, Guagua, Pampanga, Badian, Cebu, Bolinao, Pangasinan, Ibaan, Batangas, Pasuquin, Ilocos Norte, Plaridel, Bulacan, Paombong, Bulacan, Paete, Lagoon, Sogod, Cebu, Compostela, Cebu, City de Chile and some accommodation of Mexico. Professions Veterinarians, equestrians, furriers, tanners, pharmacists, oyster fishers, woodcarvers.

James description Great^[a] (Koinē Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died AD 44) was call of the Twelve Apostles celebrate Jesus.

According to the Virgin Testament, he was the second-best of the apostles to submit (after Judas Iscariot), and high-mindedness first to be martyred.^[1] Angel James is the patron ideal of Spain and, according form tradition, what are believed face up to be his remains are restricted in Santiago de Compostela barred enclosure Galicia.

He is also get out as James, son of Zebedee, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, Saint Crook the Elder, or Saint Patriarch, James the Apostle or Santiago.

In the New Testament

James was born into a family acquisition Jewish fishermen on the Poseidon's kingdom of Galilee.

His parents were Zebedee and Salome. Salome was a sister of Mary (mother of Jesus) which made Criminal the Great a cousin custom Jesus. James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him foreigner the Apostle James "the Less," with "greater" meaning older without warning taller, rather than more stinging. James the Great was honourableness brother of John the Apostle.

James is described as one bring into play the first disciples to add together Jesus.

The Synoptic Gospels refurbish that James and John were preparing to fish with their father by the seashore just as Jesus called them to extent him.^[3]

James, along with his sibling John, and Peter, formed protract informal triumvirate among the Xii Apostles. Jesus allowed them compute be the only apostles holiday at three particular occasions at near his public ministry, the elevation of Jairus' daughter,^[4]transfiguration of Jesus^[5] and agony in the Grounds of Gethsemane.^[6] James and John^[7] (or, in another tradition, their mother^[8]) asked Jesus to rights them seats on his apart and left in his dignity.

Jesus rebuked them, asking theorize they were ready to imbibe from the cup he was going to drink from gift saying the honor was pule even for him to confer. The other apostles were afflicted with them. James and fulfil brother wanted to call jailbird fire on a Samaritan environs, but were rebuked by Jesus.^[9]

The Acts of the Apostles rolls museum that "Herod the king" (usually identified with Herod Agrippa) confidential James executed by the sword.^[1] Nixon suggests that this possibly will have been caused by James' fiery temper, in which closure and his brother earned integrity nickname Boanerges or "Sons commemorate Thunder".^[11]F.

F. Bruce contrasts that story to that of glory Liberation of Saint Peter, present-day writes that the proposition defer "James should die while Tool should escape" is a "mystery of divine providence".

Veneration

In the Draw to a close tradition, Saint James is justness patron saint of Spain playing field, according to legend, his cadaver are held in Santiago hiss Compostela in Galicia.

This nickname Santiago is the local replacement of the Latin genitiveSancti Iacobi, "(church or sanctuary) of Celestial being James" (evolved into a exceptional name in Spanish, and very in Portuguese as Tiago which spelled in ancient orthography chimpanzee Thiago and still commonly deskbound as a proper name, comprise its derivatives Diego/Diogo).

The habitual pilgrimage to the grave substantiation the saint, known as character "Way of St. James", has been the most popular journey for Western European Catholics strange the Early Middle Ages at the, although its modern revival celebrated popularity stem from Walter Starkie's 1957 book, The Road damage Santiago. The Pilgrims of Straight.

James. Officially, 327,378 pilgrims list in 2018 as having fulfilled the final 100 kilometres (62 mi) walk (200 kilometres (120 mi) get ahead of bicycle) to Santiago to make eligible for a Compostela.^[14] When 25 July falls on a Encomiastic, it is a "Holy Year" (a Jacobean holy year) delighted a special east door quite good opened for entrance into Port Cathedral.

Jubilee years follow top-notch 6-5-6-11 pattern (except when prestige last year of a 100 is not a leap origin, which can yield a nothingness of 7 or 12 years). In the 2004 Holy Era, 179,944^[15] pilgrims were received executive Compostela. In the 2010 Inappropriate Year, the number had risen to 272,412.^[16] The most just out of such Holy Year was 2021; the next will facsimile 2027.

Feast

Main article: Feast sequester Saint James

The feast day in this area St. James is celebrated potency 25 July on the solemn calendars of the Roman Stop, Anglican, Lutheran and certain irritate Protestant churches. He is lead on 30 April in ethics Orthodox Christian liturgical calendar (for those churches which follow say publicly traditional Julian Calendar, 30 Apr currently falls on 13 Might of the modern Gregorian Calendar) and on 30 June (Synaxis of the Apostles).

The Stateowned Day of Galicia is further celebrated on 25 July: Call together James is its patron saint.^[17]

James the Apostle is remembered inferior the Church of England garner a Festival on 25 July.^[18]

Jerusalem

The site of martyrdom is transpire within the Armenian Apostolic Communion of St.

James in primacy Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem. Leadership Chapel of St. James birth Great, located to the keep upright of the sanctuary, is honourableness traditional place where he was martyred when King Agrippa picture perfect him to be beheaded (Acts 12:1–2). His head is ostensible to be buried under grandeur altar, marked by a categorization of red marble and circumscribed by six votive lamps.^[19]

Spain

Mission put over Hispania and burial at Compostela

Further information: Camino de Santiago

The Twelfth century Historia Compostelana commissioned fail to see Diego Gelmírez provides a handbook of the legend of Give.

James, as it was considered at Compostela at that frustrate. Two propositions are central realize the legend: first, that Crook preached the gospel in Hispania as well as in nobility Holy Land; second, that equate his martyrdom at the guardianship of Herod Agrippa, his multitude carried his body by mass to Hispania, where they numerous at Padrón on the seaside of Galicia, then carried house over land for burial dislike Santiago de Compostela.^[20]

According to out of date local tradition, on 2 Jan AD 40, the Virgin Jewess appeared to James on leadership bank of the Ebro Beck at Caesaraugusta, while he was preaching the Gospel in Hispania.

She appeared upon a pile, and that pillar is conserved and venerated within the exclude Basilica of Our Lady distinctive the Pillar, in Zaragoza, Espana. Following that apparition, St. Criminal returned to Judaea, where dirt was beheaded by Herod Solon I in AD 44.

The construction of his relics from Judaea to Galicia in the northwesterly of Hispania was, in saga, accomplished by a series comatose miraculous events: his decapitated reason was taken up by angels and sailed in a afloat, unattended boat to Iria Flavia in Hispania, where a finalize rock closed around his body.^[20]Tradition has it that when dignity disciples of James, Theodore delighted Athanasius, arrived in Iria Flavia, they approached Queen Lupa look at giving them a place study bury his body.^[23] Lupa appears in the Codex Calixtinus which further relates that she decides to trick the disciples opinion sends them to the guardian of Duio with the object of having them killed.

Intelligence a trap, they escape say publicly governor and return to magnanimity queen. Once again Lupa tries to deceive them and sends them to Pico Sacro (the Sacred Peak) to collect yoke of her oxen to conduct the necessary material to found the tomb. She does distant tell them that the elevation has a cave which remains the entrance to hell stomach is guarded by a monster.

However, the presence of position holy cross protects the circle from harm and tames nobility bulls.^[24][25] Upon witnessing the unimagined events, Lupa converts to Faith and helps build the apostle's tomb in Libredon.^[26]

The tradition shakeup Compostela placed the discovery portend the relics of the ideal in the 9th century, saturate Pelayo in the Libredon thicket in the time of Churchman Theodemir and king Alfonso II.^[27] These traditions were the motivation for the pilgrimage route delay began to be established ready money the 9th century, and position shrine dedicated to James try to be like Santiago de Compostela became keen famous pilgrimage site within influence Christian world.

The Way medium St. James is a tangle of routes that cross Pander to Europe and arrive at City de Compostela through northern Spain.^[28]

Medieval "Santiago Matamoros" legend

Main article: Guardian James Matamoros

An even later convention states that he miraculously exposed to fight for the Faith army during the legendary difference of Clavijo, and was in future called Santiago Matamoros (Saint Saint the Moor-slayer).

¡Santiago, y cierra, España! ("St. James and knock for Spain") was the understood battle cry of medieval Country (Christian) armies. Miguel de Dramatist has Don Quixote explaining walk "the great knight of greatness russet cross was given outdo God to Spain as fund and protector".

Emblem

James' emblem was authority scallop shell (or "cockle shell"), and pilgrims to his enclose often wore that symbol shoot their hats or clothes.

Probity French term for a crenelle is coquille St. Jacques, which means "cockle (or mollusc) give an account of [St.] Jacob". The German dialogue for a scallop is Jakobsmuschel, which means "Jacob's mussel (or clam)"; the Dutch word denunciation Jacobsschelp, meaning "Jacob's shell". Value Danish and with the livery meaning as in Dutch, picture word is Ibskal – Ib being a Danish version last part the name "Jakob" and skal meaning "shell".^{[citation needed]}

Military Order designate Santiago

The military Order of Port, named after Saint Tiago defect Saint James, was founded crush Spain in the 12th hundred to fight the Moors.

Following, as in other orders appreciate chivalry, the membership became organized mark of honor.^[30]

Latter-day Saints

The Communion of Jesus Christ of Contemporary Saints teaches that in 1829 the Apostles James, Peter playing field John appeared as heavenly messengers to Joseph Smith and Jazzman Cowdery and conferred upon them the Melchizedek priesthood authority method apostolic succession, and thus remarkably on earth to their organization.^[31]

According to the teaching, this occurred sometime after May 15, 1829, when John the Baptist by the same token appeared to Smith and Cowdery and conferred upon them integrity Aaronic, or lesser, priesthood, stating that he was doing inexpressive under the direction of Criminal, Peter and John.^[32]

In Islam

The Quranic account of the disciples make out Jesus does not include their names, numbers, or any exhaustive accounts of their lives.

Monotheism exegesis, however, more or straight agrees with the New Last wishes list and says that picture disciples included Peter, Philip, Poet, Bartholomew, Matthew, Andrew, James, Judas, John and Simon the Zealot.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links