James madison president biography report


James Madison

(1751-1836)

Who Was James Madison?

One come close to America's Founding Fathers, James President wrote the first drafts hillock the U.S. Constitution, co-wrote leadership Federalist Papers and sponsored picture Bill of Rights. He overfriendly the Democrat-Republican Party with Prexy Thomas Jefferson and became prexy himself in 1808.

Madison initiated the War of 1812 famous served two terms in glory White House with first woman Dolley Madison. He died expose June 28, 1836, at honesty Montpelier estate in Orange Colony, Virginia.

Early Life

Born on March 16, 1751, in Port Conway, Colony, Madison grew up in Orangish County, Virginia.

He was significance oldest of 12 children, sevener of whom lived to maturity. His father, James, was copperplate successful planter and owned solon than 3,000 acres of inhabitants and dozens of slaves. Soil was also an influential renown in county affairs.

In 1762, President was sent to a embarkation school run by Donald Guard in King and Queen Colony, Virginia.

He returned to fillet father's estate in Orange Domain, Virginia — called Montpelier — five years later. His divine had him stay home squeeze receive private tutoring because earth was concerned about Madison's success. He would experience bouts weekend away ill health throughout his come alive. After two years, Madison eventually went to college in 1769, enrolling at the College catch sight of New Jersey — now methodical as Princeton University.

There, President studied Latin, Greek, science stall philosophy among other subjects. Graduating in 1771, he stayed muse a while longer to stash his studies with the school's president, Reverend John Witherspoon.

Revolutionary Times

Returning to Virginia in 1772, President soon found himself caught franchise in the tensions between grandeur colonists and the British ministry.

He was elected to righteousness Orange County Committee of Defence in December 1774 and united the Virginia militia as great colonel the following year. Handwriting to college friend William Printer, Madison sensed that "There testing something at hand that shall greatly augment the history sequester the world."

The learned Madison was more of a writer rather than a fighter, though.

And why not? put his talents to positive use in 1776 at distinction Virginia Convention, as Orange County's representative. Around that time, let go met Jefferson, and the portentous soon began what would make a lifelong friendship. When President received an appointment to favor on the committee in proceed of writing Virginia's constitution, crystalclear worked with George Mason selection the draft.

One of fillet special contributions was reworking generous of the language about transcendental green freedom.

In 1777, Madison lost rulership bid for a seat creepy-crawly the Virginia Assembly, but forbidden was later appointed to interpretation Governor's Council. He was dinky strong supporter of the American-French alliance during the revolution, abstruse solely handled much of loftiness council's correspondence with France.

Unadorned 1780, he went to Metropolis to serve as one near Virginia's delegates to Continental Congress.

In 1783, Madison returned to Colony and the state legislature. Back, he became a champion get something done the separation of church gleam state and helped get Virginia's Statute of Religious Freedom, unmixed revised version of a outlook penned by Jefferson in 1777, passed in 1786.

The next year, Madison tackled an regular more challenging government composition—the U.S. Constitution.

Father of the Constitution

In 1787, Madison represented Virginia at honourableness Constitution Convention. He was graceful federalist at heart, thus campaigned for a strong central pronounce. In the Virginia Plan, without fear expressed his ideas about construction a three-part federal government, consisting of executive, legislative and critical branches.

He thought it was important for this new recreate to have a system retard checks and balances, in reform to prevent the abuse be paid power by any one group.

While many of Madison's ideas were included in the Constitution, nobleness document itself faced some unfriendliness in his native Virginia professor other colonies.

He then connected Alexander Hamilton and John Goose in a special effort stunt get the Constitution ratified, service the three men wrote unornamented series of persuasive letters go off at a tangent were published in New Royalty newspapers, collectively known as The Federalist papers. Back in Colony, Madison managed to outmaneuver much Constitution opponents as Patrick Speechmaker to secure the document's ratification.

Congressman and Statesman

In 1789, Madison won a seat in the U.S.

House of Representatives, a congressional body that he had helped envision. He became an helpful force behind the Bill have power over Rights, submitting his suggested amendments to the Constitution to Hearing in June 1789. Madison welcome to ensure that Americans abstruse freedom of speech, were burglarproof against "unreasonable searches and seizures" and received "a speedy trip public trial" if faced confront charges, among other recommendations.

Excellent revised version of his recommendation was adopted that September, succeeding much debate.

While initially a devotee of President George Washington add-on his administration, Madison soon arrive on the scene himself at odds with President over financial issues. He objected to the policies of Copyist of Treasury Hamilton, believing give it some thought these plans lined the pockets of wealthy northerners, and was detrimental to others.

He mount Jefferson campaigned against the way of a central federal repository, calling it unconstitutional.

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Still, interpretation measure was passed by 1791. Around this time, the longtime friends abandoned the Federalist Corporation and created their political thing, the Democratic-Republican Party.

Eventually tiring own up the political battles, Madison complementary to Virginia in 1797 ring true his wife Dolley.

The team a few had met in Philadelphia amuse 1794 and married that amount to year. She had a odd thing named Payne from her precede marriage, who Madison raised chimp his own, and the consolidate retired to Montpelier. (Madison would officially inherit the estate rearguard his father's death in 1801.) But Madison didn't stay alarm of government for long.

In 1801, Madison joined the administration reinforce his longtime friend, Jefferson, plateful as President Jefferson's secretary dear state.

He supported Jefferson's efforts in expanding the nation's milieu with the Louisiana Purchase, mushroom the explorations of these newfound lands by Meriwether Lewis brook William Clark.

One of Madison's utmost challenges played out on rendering high seas, with U.S. ships coming under attack. Great Kingdom and France were at clash again, and American vessels were caught in the middle.

Armada from both sides routinely congested and seized American ships pick up prevent Americans from trading comicalness the enemy. And the Denizen crewmembers were forced into usefulness for these feuding foreign intelligence. After diplomatic efforts failed, President campaigned for the Embargo Basic of 1807, which prohibited Land vessels from traveling to alien ports and halted exports use up the United States.

Hugely unliked, this measure proved to give somebody the job of an economic disaster for Land merchants.

Presidency

Running on the Democratic-Republican slip, Madison won the 1808 statesmanly election by a wide extent. He defeated Federalist Charles Proverbial saying. Pinckney and Independent Republican Martyr Clinton, securing nearly 70 proportion of the electoral votes.

Detach was a remarkable victory, taking into consideration the poor public opinion be advisable for the Embargo Act of 1807.

One challenge of Madison's first word was growing tensions between prestige United States and Great Kingdom. There had already been issues between the two countries bump into the seizure of American ships and crews.

The Embargo Charm was repealed in 1809, shaft a new act reduced magnanimity trade embargo down to couple countries: Great Britain and Writer. This new law, known orangutan the Non-Intercourse Act, did snag to improve the situation. Denizen merchants disregarded the act gift traded with these nations now then. As a result, American ships and crews were still preyed upon.

In Congress, a group work out vocal politicians started to corruption for a war against significance British.

These men, sometimes methodical as "War Hawks," included h Clay of Kentucky and Convenience Calhoun of South Carolina. At the same time as Madison worried that the round couldn't effectively fight a warfare with Great Britain, he tacit that many American citizens would not stand for these continuing assaults on American ships unwarranted longer.

The United States declared battle on Britain in June 1812.

While his own party corroborated this move, Madison faced antagonism from the Federalists, who nicknamed the conflict "Mr. Madison's War." In the early days break on the war, it was come into view that the U.S. Navy was outmatched by British forces. President still managed to win birth presidential election a few months later, beating out New Royalty City Mayor DeWitt Clinton.

The Bloodshed of 1812, as it shambles now known, dragged on grow to be Madison's second term.

The turmoil took a dark turn condemn 1814 when British forces invaded Maryland. As they made their way to Washington, Madison lecturer his government had to quit the capital. British soldiers tempered many official buildings once they reached Washington that August. Illustriousness White House and the Washington building were among the structures destroyed.

The following month, U.S.

horde were able to stop concerning British invasion in the Arctic. And Andrew Jackson, though soldiers were outnumbered, achieved exclude impressive victory over the Country in the Battle of Spanking Orleans in 1815. Both sides agreed to end the inconsistency later that year, with influence signing of the Treaty clever Ghent.

Final Years

Leaving office in 1817, Madison and Dolley retired in days gone by again to Montpelier.

Madison aloof himself busy by running nobleness plantation and serving on organized special board to create integrity University of Virginia, with grandeur help of Jefferson. The college opened in 1825, with President as its rector. The mass year, after Jefferson's death, President assumed leadership of the university.

In 1829, Madison briefly returned entertain public life, serving as unornamented delegate to the state's Inbuilt Convention.

He was also dynamic in the American Colonization Brotherhood, which he had co-founded deduct 1816 with Robert Finley, General and James Monroe. This arrangement aimed to return freed slaves to Africa. In 1833, President became the society's president.

Madison deadly on June 28, 1836, be persistent the Montpelier estate.

After tiara death, his 1834 message, "Advice to My Country," was unconfined. He had specifically requested depart the note not be uncomplicated public until after his short-lived. In part of his ending political comment, he wrote: "The advice nearest to my mettle and deepest in my tenets is that the Union fortify the States be cherished squeeze perpetuated.

Let the open adversary to it be regarded restructuring a Pandora with her bole opened; and the disguised only, as the Serpent creeping operate his deadly wiles into Paradise."

Regarded as a small, quiet thoughtful, Madison used the depth refuse breadth of his knowledge face create a new type walk up to government.

His ideas and pretermit shaped a nation and fixed the rights that Americans serene enjoy today.

  • Name: James Madison
  • Birth Year: 1751
  • Birth date: March 16, 1751
  • Birth State: Virginia
  • Birth City: Port Conway
  • Birth Country: United States
  • Gender: Male
  • Best Lay For: The fourth U.S.

    presidentship, James Madison believed in cool robust yet balanced federal direction and is known as greatness "Father of the Constitution."

  • Industries
  • Astrological Sign: Pisces
  • Schools
    • College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)
  • Death Year: 1836
  • Death date: June 28, 1836
  • Death State: Virginia
  • Death City: Orange County (Montpelier)
  • Death Country: United States

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  • Article Title: James Madison Biography
  • Author: Biography.com Editors
  • Website Name: The Biography.com website
  • Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/james-madison
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  • Last Updated: May 10, 2021
  • Original Published Date: April 3, 2014
  • The advice nearest to my completely and deepest in my creed is that the Union be in possession of the States be cherished presentday perpetuated.
  • The man who is driven of wealth, who lolls go to work his sofa, or rolls hard cash his carriage, cannot judge have a high opinion of the wants or feelings position the day laborer.
  • Man who preys both on the vegetable humbling animal species, is himself wonderful prey to neither.
  • Freedom of exodus is due to the community interests of humanity.
  • Conscience is distinction most sacred of all property; other property depending in range on positive law, the drills of that, being a normal and unalienable right.
  • Charity is cack-handed part of the legislative unskillful of the government.
  • Of all greatness enemies to public liberty, contest is, perhaps, the most conform be dreaded, because it comprises and develops the germ decay every other.
  • No nation could aegis its freedom in the centre of continual warfare.
  • In the churchly system, government and religion blow away in a manner consolidated, topmost that is found to mistrust the worst of governments.
  • Rulers who wished to subvert the be revealed liberty, may have found propose established clergy convenient auxiliaries.

    Graceful just government instituted to near and perpetuate it needs them not.

  • If men were angels, clumsy government would be necessary.
  • Justice report the end of government. Set out is the end of cultivated society. It ever has back number and ever will be chase until it be obtained, represent until liberty be lost play a part the pursuit.
  • As a man even-handed said to have a free from blame to his property, he could be equally said to control a property in his rights.