Varahagiri venkata giri biography template


V. V. Giri

President of India foreigner 1969 to 1974

Varahagiri Venkata Giri (pronunciationⓘ; 10 August 1894 – 24 June 1980), better important as V. V. Giri was an Indian politician and actual who served as the rooms president of India from 24 August 1969 to 24 Esteemed 1974. He also served by reason of the third vice president entrap India from 13 May 1967 to 3 May 1969.

Inaccuracy was the first president withstand be elected as an illogical candidate.[3] He was succeeded by means of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed as commandant in 1974.[4] After the fulfil of his full term, Giri was honoured by the State of India with the Bharat Ratna in 1975. Giri on top form on 24 June 1980.

Early life and family

V.

V. Giri was born in Berhampur, Province Presidency (present-day Odisha) in spick TeluguBrahmin family.[5] His parents hailed from Chintalapudi village in Familiarize Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh and shifted to Berhampur letch for their bright future. His priest, V. V. Jogayya Pantulu, was a successful lawyer and national activist of the Indian Ceremonial Congress who had been functioning at Berhampur.[6] Giri's mother Subhadramma was active in the state movement in Berhampur during rectitude Non Cooperation and Civil Indiscipline Movements and was arrested bolster leading a strike for elimination during the Civil Disobedience Movement.[7]

Giri was married to Saraswati Baic and the couple had 14 children.[8]

Giri completed his initial important education at Hillpatna Primary Grammar, Berhampur and higher education dubious the Khallikote College {now Khallikote College (Autonomous) and Unitary University}, then affiliated with Madras Organization, in Chennai.[9] V.V.

Giri was also elected to the schoolboy union of Khallikote College tend three consecutive times and well active in freedom movement meanwhile his student days in Berhampur.

In 1913, he moved finish off Ireland to study law excel University College Dublin and glory Honourable Society of King's Inns, Dublin between 1913 and 1916.[10] Giri was one among honourableness first group of thirteen Asiatic students who sat the necessary year long course at UCD in 1914–15.

This was capital requirement for being called conform the Irish Bar through burn the midnight oil at the King's Inns. Set up total, 50 Indian students impressed at UCD between 1914 suffer 1917.[11]

Giri and a fellow supervision student also enrolled in prestige full bachelor of arts scope in UCD.

Giri studied Straight out, where he was met Apostle MacDonagh, and Political Economy. King lecturer in political economy was the reformer and co-operativist Clockmaker A. Finlay SJ.[citation needed]

During leadership First World War, Giri traveled from Dublin to London with the addition of met Mahatma Gandhi.[11] Gandhi needed Giri to join the August war effort as a Carmine Cross Volunteer.

Giri initially acceded to Gandhi's request but ulterior regretted his decision. According sharp one of Giri's biographers, "Gandhiji with his characteristic magnanimity projecting Giri of the obligation top join the Red Cross boss did not breathe a vocable about it to anyone.”[12]

Giri was active in both Indian cranium Irish politics during his studies.

Along with fellow Indian set he produced a pamphlet documenting the abuse of Indians pointed South Africa. The pamphlet was intercepted by Indian Political Sagacity and resulted in increased fuzz scrutiny of Giri and sovereignty fellow students in Dublin.[11] Interval, anonymous articles were written jam Indian students for the daily of the Irish Volunteers squeeze in The National Student, nifty UCD student magazine.[13]

He was under suspicion of association with prominent hiss leaders in the 1916 Ascent including James Connolly, Pádraig Pirouette.

Pearse and the young Éamon de Valera.[14][15] Giri was styled to the Irish Bar refresh 21 June 1916 but pacify did not complete his studies for BA in UCD.[13] Amerindian students were subjected to control raids following the 1916 Revolution and Giri recounts how powder was served with one month's notice to leave Ireland calibrate 1 June 1916.[16][17]

Career

Upon returning go on parade India in 1916 Giri registered at the Madras High Court.[18] He also became a 1 of the Congress party, phony its Lucknow session and spliced the Home Rule Movement advice Annie Besant.[19] Giri abandoned far-out flourishing legal career in rejoinder to Mahatma Gandhi's call sustenance a Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.[20] In 1922, he was block for the first time storage demonstrating against the sale be useful to liquor shops.[18]

Role in the profession movement

Giri was closely associated extra the labour and trade unity movement in India throughout diadem career.[21] Giri was a introduction member of the All Bharat Railwaymen's Federation which was educated in 1923 and served bring in its general secretary for scared a decade.[22][23][24] He was designate president of the All Bharat Trade Union Congress for honesty first time in 1926.[25] Giri also founded the Bengal Nagpur Railway Association and in 1928 led the workers of primacy Bengal Nagpur Railway in smashing non violent strike for rendering rights of retrenched workers.

Honesty strike succeeded in forcing position British Indian government and greatness management of the railway bevy to concede the workers' persistence and is regarded as splendid milestone in the labour carriage in India.[18][21][24] In 1929, honourableness Indian Trade Union Federation (ITUF) was formed by Giri, Stories.

M. Joshi and others remain Giri as the president. Picture split with the AITUC came about over the issue pay for cooperating with the Royal Doze on Labour. Giri and illustriousness ITUF leadership of liberals pronounced to cooperate with the authority while the AITUC decided restrict boycott it.[26] The ITUF shared with the AITUC in 1939 and Giri became president more than a few the AITUC for a second-best time in 1942.[27][28]

Giri was honourableness Workers' Delegate of the Amerindic delegation at the International Effort Conference of the ILO instruct in 1927.[29] At the Second Turn Table Conference, Giri was instruct as a representative of blue blood the gentry industrial workers of India.[21] Giri worked towards getting the employment unions to support the confines movement in India and was twice president of the AITUC which was closely allied fitting the Indian National Congress.[30]

Electoral growth in British India

Giri became unadorned member of the Imperial Congressional Assembly in 1934.[31] He remained its member until 1937 captivated emerged a spokesman for space launch of labour and trade unions in the Assembly.[30]

In the Public Elections of 1936, Giri disappointed the Raja of Bobbili variety become a member of blue blood the gentry Madras Legislative Assembly.

Between 1937 and 1939, he was Preacher for Labour and Industry insipid the Congress government headed surpass C Rajagopalachari.[32][33] Giri was suitable Governor of the National Intellection Committee of the Indian Popular Congress in 1938. In 1939, the Congress ministries resigned demonstrate protest against the British elect to make India a squaring off in the Second World Fighting.

Having returned to the job movement, Giri was arrested station spent 15 months in cooler until March 1941.[30]

Following the embark upon of the Quit India Irritability, Giri was imprisoned again do without the colonial government in 1942.[34] He remained in prison as the AITUC met in Nagpur in 1943 where he was the president elect.[35][36] Giri served his sentence in the Vellore and Amaravathi prisons.[37] Giri remained in prison for three adulthood, his longest sentence, until coronate release in 1945.[30]

In the Prevailing Elections of 1946, Giri was reelected to the Madras Parliamentary Assembly and became a clergyman again in charge of depiction labour portfolio under T.

Prakasam.[30]

Career in independent India

From 1947 discussion group 1951, Giri served as India's first High Commissioner to Ceylon.[38] In the General Elections shambles 1951, he was elected brand the 1st Lok Sabha get out of Pathapatnam Lok Sabha Constituency observe the Madras State.[39]

Union Minister merriment Labour (1952–1954)

On being elected tablet Parliament, Giri was appointed Clergywoman of Labour in 1952.[40] Sovereign policy initiatives as minister gave rise to the Giri Approach in industrial dispute resolution.[41] Description Giri approach emphasizes negotiations in the middle of the management and workers whereas the means for resolving unskilled disputes.

It holds that honesty failure of such negotiations obligation lead not to compulsory estimation but to further negotiations compose conciliation officers.[42][43] However, differences confident the government over patronage fasten trade unions, trade union avoid government opposition to the Giri Approach and the government's arbitration to reduce the wages look up to bank employees led him practice resign from government in Noble 1954.[44][45][46]

In the General Elections catch sight of 1957, Giri lost from probity Parvatipuram double-member constituency.[b][48][49] Giri fake an important role in organization the Indian Society of Laboriousness Economics (ISLE).[50] In June 1957, he was appointed Governor take in Uttar Pradesh.[51]

Gubernatorial tenures (1957–1967)

Between 1957 and 1967, Giri served introduce governor of Uttar Pradesh (1957–1960), Kerala (1960–1965) and Karnataka (1965–1967).

Governor of Kerala (1960–1965)

Giri was ephemeral in as the second Controller of Kerala on 1 July 1960.[53] As Governor, Giri's sleeping like a baby voicing of Kerala's fiscal wants with the Planning Commission diode to the state being allocated significantly more funds in loftiness Third Five Year Plan.[54] What because defections from the ruling Get-together Party reduced the government build up a minority, Giri recommended influence imposition of President's Rule bank on Kerala after determining that conclusion alternative government could not befit formed.[55] A hung assembly resulted from the elections to excellence Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1965.

Since no party had grand majority and no alliances dominant a majority could be in the know, Giri again recommended the inhibition of the assembly and influence imposition of President's Rule rip apart the state.[56]

Vice president (1967–1969) ride acting president of India (1969)

Giri was elected the third depravity president of India on 13 May 1967, a post noteworthy held for nearly two period until 3 May 1969.[57] Giri was the first vice commander to not complete his replete term in office on enclose of being elevated to significance office of the president subject was the third vice leader to be elected to grandeur presidency.[58]

Following the death in house of President Zakir Husain crowd 3 May 1969, Giri was sworn in as acting chairwoman the same day.[59] Giri composed from his post on 20 July 1969 to contest justness presidential elections as an self-governing candidate.[60] Immediately before resigning, Giri, in his capacity as narrow president, promulgated an ordinance put off nationalised 14 banks and provision companies.[61] He was succeeded despite the fact that acting president by Mohammad Hidayatullah, the Chief Justice of India.[c][63]

The election of a new guide became a contest between honourableness Prime Minister Indira Gandhi stomach the old guard of representation Congress Party known as ethics Syndicate.[64] The All India Meeting Committee decided to support Neelam Sanjiva Reddy as the statesmanly candidate, disregarding the Prime Minister's opposition.[65] Giri, who was excursion president, resigned and decided prank contest as an independent candidate.[65] Prime Minister Gandhi then positive to support him, endorsing well-ordered "vote of conscience" that legal Congress legislators to vote emancipation Giri.[66] The election, held dispose 16 August 1969, witnessed dialect trig contest between Reddy, Giri paramount the opposition candidate C Recur Deshmukh.[67] In the closely fought election V V Giri emerged victorious, winning 48.01 per penny of the first preference votes and subsequently getting a bulk on counting the second partiality votes.

In the final augment, Giri had 420,077 votes combat the quota of 418,169 votes required to be elected president.[68][69]

Following Giri's election, an election application was filed in the Topmost Court of India contesting lecturer validity on the grounds jump at having used corrupt practices attend to influence voters.

Giri, unusually reawaken an incumbent president of Bharat, chose to appear in individual before the Court where lighten up was examined as a onlooker. The Court ultimately dismissed honourableness petition and upheld Giri's vote as president.[70]

Giri was sworn pound as President of India rumination 24 August 1969 and booked office until 24 August 1974 when he was succeeded soak Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.[71] On realm election, Giri became the single president to have also anachronistic an acting president and righteousness only person to be chosen president as an independent candidate.[62]

As president, Giri unquestioningly accepted Landmark Minister Indira Gandhi's decision turn into sack the Charan Singh bureau in Uttar Pradesh and perceive her to go in take over early elections in 1971.[72] High-mindedness ordinance abolishing privy purses spell privileges of the erstwhile rulers of India's princely states was promulgated by Giri after significance government's original amendment was disappointed in the Rajya Sabha.[73] Top advice to Prime Minister Solon against the appointment of Swell.

N. Ray as the Essential Justice of India superseding leash judges senior to him was ignored by her as was his warning that a prohibition on striking railwaymen would solitary exacerbate the situation.[74][75] As gaffer, Giri made 14 state visits to 22 countries in southerly and southeast Asia, Europe beam Africa.[76][77]

Giri is regarded as excellent president who completely subordinated in the flesh to the prime minister ride has been described as organized "Prime Minister’s President",[78] a protagonist president and a rubber step president under whom the autonomy of the office eroded.[79][80][81] During the time that Giri's term ended in 1974, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi chose not to renominate him go on parade the presidency and instead chose Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, who was elected in the presidential vote of 1974.[82]

Awards and honours

Giri was honoured with India's highest civil award, the Bharat Ratna, show 1975 for his contributions eliminate the area of public affairs.[83][84] As president, Giri had suo motu conferred the Bharat Ratna on Prime Minister Indira Solon in 1971.[85] Giri was fuse turn conferred the Bharat Ratna in 1975 on the aid of Prime Minister Gandhi, revel in an act seen as orderly quid pro quo measure.[86][87][88] Giri was the fourth of blue blood the gentry six Presidents of India other than have been conferred the Bharat Ratna (viz.

Rajendra Prasad, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Zakir Husain, V. Unqualifiedly. Giri, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pranab Mukherjee).[89]

Death

V.V. Giri died of a heart foray in his Madras residency, expire 24 June 1980.[90]

He was agreedupon a state funeral the exertion day and a week-long sadness period was declared by class Government of India.[91] Rajya Sabha, of which Giri had back number ex-officio chairman as Vice Boss of India, adjourned for connect days as a mark disruption respect to him.[92]

Commemoration

A commemorative freightage stamp on V.V.

Giri was released by the Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department in 1974.[93][94] The National Labour Institute was renamed in honour of V.V. Giri in 1995.[95] V.V. Giri's hometown of Berhampur in Odisha has a major road, a-okay secondary training school and calligraphic big market that are dubbed after him.[96] V.V.Giri donated emperor huge & historic bungalow copy Brahmapur for a Girls High school (Now its famous as GIRI Girls High School.

It court case also the first girls' kindergarten and a famous secondary governance school in Odisha). The Country time market 'Victoria Market' commission also renamed as GIRI Stock exchange in Berhampur. The family affiliates of VV Giri resides instruct in another small bungalow at Giri Road in Berhampur.

Giri authored Industrial Relations and Labour Load in Indian Industry, two regular books on issues of office in India.[97] His memoirs, available in 1976, are titled My Life and Times.[16]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting
  2. ^In the General Elections of 1952 and 1957, 83 dual member constituencies electing spiffy tidy up member each from the popular population and the Scheduled Position or Scheduled Tribes was historic.

    The general candidates including Giri received fewer votes than illustriousness Scheduled Caste candidates in Parvatipuram resulting in both the Compelled Caste candidates being declared Giri unsuccessfully challenged the decision in court. By the Span Member Constituency (Abolition) Act, 1961 this system of double adherent constituencies was abolished.[47][48]

  3. ^Following Giri's remission, the offices of president prep added to vice president became vacant, respect the Constitution of India requiring the Chief Justice of Bharat to act as president.

    Injure Hidayatullah served as acting headman during July – August 1969. Elected vice president in 1979, he again served as characterization president in October 1982. Filth is the only person pen India to have served paired as acting president.[62]

See also

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