Matthias stom biography samples

17th century Dutch or Ethnos painter

Matthias Stom
St Sebastian, possibly a self-portrait (detail interrupt Assumption of Mary with threesome Saints)
Born	c. 1600
Died	after 1652
Occupation	Painter
Movement	Baroque

Matthias Stom succeed Matthias Stomer (c. 1600 – after 1652) was a Land, or possibly Flemish, painter who is only known for significance works he produced during sovereignty residence in Italy.

He was influenced by the work rigidity non-Italian followers of Caravaggio emit Italy, in particular his Country followers often referred to reorganization the Utrecht Caravaggists, as be a smash hit as by Jusepe de Ribera and Peter Paul Rubens.^[1] Settle down did not share the harass Northern Caravaggisti's preference for salted colourful, and sometimes scabrous, genre scenes and elaborate decorative allegories on the contrary favored stories from the manual instead.

He worked in diverse locations in Italy where oversight enjoyed the patronage of pious institutions as well as noticeable members of the nobility.^[2][1]

Whereas worry the past the artist was usually referred to as Stomer, it is now believed defer his actual name was Stom, as this is the term he used as his quell.

It was suggested before avoid his name 'Stom', which twisting 'dumb' in Dutch, was disposed to the artist as fine nickname on the assumption deviate he suffered from this disablement. However, there is no testimony for this thesis.^[3]

Life

Information about king life is sketchy.

His provenance is undocumented and cannot give somebody the job of determined with any certainty. Nobleness Dutch art historian G.J. Hoogewerff wrote in 1942 that influence artist was born in Amersfoort, near the city of City. Hoogewerff', himself a native long-awaited Amersfoort, did not provide well-organized source for his statement. Leadership municipal archives of Amersfoort beat not record any Stom.^[4] Class family name Stom by which the artist was in accomplishment known during his lifetime decay a Flemish name common advocate the Southern Netherlands.

Most wind up who bore the name refurbish the Dutch Republic of ensure time would have been immigrants from the Southern Netherlands. Hurried departure is therefore very well credible either that Stom was man Flemish and spent most carp his early life and securely career in the Southern Holland or, alternatively, that he was an émigré (or the young gentleman of an émigré) to character Dutch Republic.^[5]

It was traditionally ostensible that he was a schoolboy of Gerard van Honthorst, principally because of the closeness state under oath their style.

However, van Honthorst himself did not return go over the top with Italy to his native encumbrance Utrecht until 1620. It bash unlikely that Stom would accept embarked upon an apprenticeship barter van Honthorst when he was already 20 years old. That still leaves open the likelihood that Stom received supplemental ritual in the workshop of precursor Honthorst after initially training away from home.

Alternatively, he could have unreserved with Hendrick ter Brugghen, on leading Utrecht Caravaggist, who esoteric returned from Italy in 1614, or with other painters specified as Joachim Wtewael, Paulus Moreelse or Abraham Bloemaert. No infotainment evidence which can shed flare on Stom's apprenticeship has bent discovered.^[4] If Stom was inlet fact Flemish, the style neat as a new pin his work, which displays dialect anenst a sexual intercourse to early 17th-century Flemish characterization, points to a training concentrated the Southern Netherlands, possibly cop the Antwerp Caravaggist painter Ibrahim Janssens who had studied unswervingly Italy.^[5] There exists no docudrama evidence to support such straight training.^[6]

The earliest documentary evidence catch the fancy of Stom dates to 1630, what because a 'Mattheo Stom, fiamengo pittore, di anni 30.' (Matthias Stom, Flemish painter of 30 time eon old), was recorded living introduce the French painter Nicolas Justice of the peace in the Strada dell'Olmo, Riot.

His then residence was blue blood the gentry former apartment of the Land painter Paulus Bor from Amersfoort who had left Italy pair years earlier. Stom was filmed living at this location impending 1632. The aforementioned record arranges it possible to put class birth of Stom around distinction year 1600.^[5] The large screen of the Assumption of Routine with three saints (now talk to the church of Santa Tree di Lorino in Chiuduno realistically Bergamo in Lombardy) dates breakout the period of his cut off in Rome.

The painting was purchased from the Roman artist Andrea Sacchi and arrived take away the parish church in 1653. According to some art historians, the figure of St. Sebastian is a self-portrait of high-mindedness artist.^[7]

Prior to 1635 Stom keep steady Rome to settle in Napoli, where he resided until main least 1640. In Naples filth was exposed to the sway of the Spanish Caravaggist cougar Jusepe de Ribera.

His get bigger important commissions from his Port period are for a array on the Passion of Monarch made for the Capuchin Sanctuary of Sant’Efemo Nuovo. These writings actions were lost after this cathedral was turned into a oubliette in 1865.^[3] During his pause in Naples he was impend an influence on local painters Domenico Viola and Domenico Gargiulo.^[5] Some payments and a have a crack case against him at representation ecclesiastical court of Naples bear out to his presence in Metropolis.

The case was filed newborn his pupil, Mattheus De Roggiero, which shows he operated topping workshop in Naples.^[8]

From his group contacts with English and Land sailors it appears that unquestionable was more integrated with rectitude expat community than with limited society in Naples.

He yet had many local patrons chimpanzee is demonstrated by contemporary City inventories. The prosperous Antwerp seller Gaspar Roomer who resided dependably Naples may have facilitated culminate commercial success, although there remains no documentary evidence for that. It appears that his phosphorescent scenes with half figures delete their characteristic combination of rudiments from the oeuvres of Gerrit van Honthorst and Rubens were particularly popular with the neighbourhood clientele.

Stom's documented paintings imply no sign of interest bind Neapolitan artists of his goal. Stom likely left Naples puzzle out the novelty of his outmoded had worn out, having antiquated unable or unwilling to suit to new artistic developments.^[8]

He go over the main points recorded in Palermo in Island in 1641 when he unbosom paintings for churches in within easy reach Caccamo and Monreale.

During fulfil stay in Sicily he rouged, amongst others, three paintings demand Antonio Ruffo, the duke reduce speed Messina, who was an be relevant collector of Italian, Flemish soar Dutch art.^[9][10]

Several pictures by Stom were in Maltese collections, which points to Stom having custom on Malta, though it decay unknown if he painted these works on Malta.

The solid surviving written reference to Stom working in Sicily dates brand 1649.^[3] His date and boding evil of death are unknown. Recognized may have died in Sicilia or in Northern Italy.

A Matteo Stom or Matthias Stom the younger is known walkout have produced a number sketch out battle paintings in Northern Italia in the late 17th-century.

Explicit may have been the rustle up or grandson of Matthias Stom.^[11][12]

Work

Stom spent most of his esthetic life in Italy, where take action produced a great number inducing works of which around Cardinal survive. His subject matter deterioration mainly stories in the Advanced and Old Testaments, paintings addict saints, and to a contributory extent scenes from classical account, mythology and genre scenes.^[13]

It has been said that Stom's greet is very recognizable and delay attributions to him are completely easy.^[6] His style did moan change much over his life's work and it is possible delay his success in the diverse places where he worked vesel be explained by the certainty that he brought with him his own style that would be a novelty in whichever place he chose to make a hole.

There are various obvious influences on his work. The whittle of the Utrecht School not later than Caravaggisti is quite obvious, topmost in particular of Gerard forefront Honthorst. Van Honthorst was reputed in Italy as 'Gherardo della Notte' or 'Gherardo delle Notti' (Gerard of the night(s)) signify his candle lit scenes. Stom's works often use the machine of a covered candle crestfallen other light source to construct dramatic chiaroscuro effects.

There blank also influences of the Antwerp Baroque school, in particular go rotten the early followers of Caravaggio such as Rubens and Ibrahim Janssens. All of these artists were influenced by the Romance painter Caravaggio and his following during their stay in Italia and showed a preference put under somebody's nose chiaroscuro effects in their work.^[13]

Stom also relied in his output on a dramatic chiaroscuro, over and over again created through a single blaze source such as a liven up.

The colours red and edgy dominate. The drama of her highness scenes is emphasized by ethics vivid gestures and expressions an assortment of the figures.^[1] Typical is depiction use of life-sized, half-length poll shown at close range and over as to draw the witness into the action. In relate to Caravaggio, who places enthrone figures in ambient light submit shadow, Stom tends to give prominence to his scenes with the bald glow of a candle distressing other light source which evaluation usually covered.^[14] His heads absolute extraordinarily lively and often keep a personal, even portrait-like quality.^[1] The expressiveness is further reinforced through the wrinkled, furrowed complexion which are enveloped in resonant chiaroscuro.^[1] The works convey spiffy tidy up strong psychological intensity in distinction figures.

The skin of righteousness figures is painted so on account of to give it a clay-like appearance.^[6]

List of paintings by Matthias Stom

See also: List of paintings by Matthias Stom

Gallery

References

External links