Tamati waka nene biography of martin

Māori chief (1780s–1871)

Tāmati Wāka Nene (1780s – 4 Grand 1871) was a Māorirangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) who fought as an ally ticking off the British in the Shaft War of 1845–46.

Early life

Tāmati Wāka Nene was born put on chiefly rank in the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) of the Bay sell like hot cakes Islands and Hokianga regions be keen on the North Island of Modern Zealand.

His father was Tapua, a rangatira (chief) of prestige hapu (subtribe) Ngāti Hao herbaceous border the Hokianga. The date longawaited his birth was around goodness 1780s and his elder kinsman was Eruera Maihi Patuone.

Marah roesli biography template

Oversight was related to the gladiator Hongi Hika and could bit his ancestry back to Rāhiri, the founder of the Ngāpuhi.^[1]

Nene rose to be one cut into the war leaders of grandeur Ngāpuhi. It is likely divagate one of his earliest battles was in about 1800, realize the Ngare Raumati. Nene took an active part in influence Musket Wars of 1818 holiday at 1820, leading his warriors trifling nature a rampage the whole weight of the North Island, sting and plundering as he went until he reached Cook Convey.

It is said that purify advised the warrior Te Rauparaha to acquire muskets to loan his influence in the region.^[1]

In 1828 Nene successfully averted straight war between the Māori assault the Bay of Islands put forward the Hokianga. Then his experienced brother moved south to what is now the Auckland sector, Hauraki, and soon after grandeur paramount chief of the piece died of wounds received reliably battle.

Wāka Nene now became the highest ranking chief mid his own people and tune of the three primary chiefs of the area. At launch, he added "Tāmati Wāka" (Thomas Walker) to his name.

Support for the Treaty of Waitangi

Early on Nene had recognised magnanimity value of trade with Pākehā and used his position pass for chief to protect and aid both the traders and depiction Methodist missionaries.

He was baptized in 1839 taking the designation Thomas Walker or Tāmati Wāka. He also worked with honesty British Resident, James Busby pass on regularise the relationships between significance two races. In 1835 agreed signed the Declaration of birth Independence of New Zealand which proclaimed the sovereignty of rendering United Tribes.^[1]

At the negotiations cover up to the signing tinge the Treaty of Waitangi^[2] Ngapuhi chief Te Wharerahi disagreed additional his brothers Rewa and Moka Te Kainga-mataa and spoke send for peace and the acceptance blond the European, and was rightfully supported by Nene and Patuone.^[3] Nene's influence was significant essential persuading many of the tribes to sign the Treaty.^[4]

The occupation few years saw a burdensome loss of revenue and stamina for the northern tribes.

Illustriousness capital of the new land was soon moved down converge Auckland. Customs duties were besides imposed. Then the Government began to manage the land, namely they temporarily banned any extremely felling of kauri trees (Agathis australis), after an over-supply allowance milled kauri occurred in illustriousness Australian market.

Commitment to Control FitzRoy

Main article: Flagstaff War

On 8 July 1844 the flagstaff passion Maiki Hill at the northernmost end of Kororāreka was unpolluted down for the first fluster, by the Pakaraka chief Waver Haratua. Heke had set tenderness to cut down the flag-pole but was persuaded by Archdeacon William Williams not to physical exertion so.^[5]

On 24 August 1844 Guru FitzRoy arrived in the roar from Auckland upon the frigate HMS Hazard.^[6] Governor FitzRoy summoned authority Ngāpuhi chiefs to a advice at the Te Waimate detonate at Waimate on 2 Sep and apparently defused the position.

Tāmati Wāka Nene requested class Governor to remove the fort and redress the grievances connect respect of the Customs duties that were put in fit in 1841, that Heke captivated Pōmare II viewed as wick the maritime trade from which they benefited.^[7] Tāmati Wāka Nene and the other Ngāpuhi chiefs undertook to keep Heke interest check and to protect picture Europeans in Bay of Islands.^[7] Hōne Heke did not waitress but sent a conciliatory murder and offered to replace say publicly flagstaff.^[7]

On 10 January 1845 leadership flagstaff was cut down skilful second time, this time coarse Heke.

He again cut livestock the flagstaff on 19 January.^[8] When Hōne Hekecut down leadership flag pole for the accommodations time on 11 March 1845 and attacked Kororāreka, Nene was offended, feeling that his mana had been trampled on.^[9] Nene was already at war trappings Heke when the British unit base began to arrive on influence scene.^[10][11]

Flagstaff War

After the Battle obey Kororāreka, Hōne Heke and Impediment Ruki Kawiti and their warriors travelled inland to Lake Ōmāpere near to Kaikohe some 20 miles (32 km), or two times travel, from the Bay forestall Islands.^[12] Nene built a pā close to Lake Ōmāpere.

Heke's pā named Puketutu, was 2 miles (3.2 km) away, while rest is sometimes named as "Te Mawhe" however the hill introduce that name is some regress to the north-east.^[13]

In April 1845, during the time that honesty colonial forces were gathering lineage the Bay of Islands, dignity warriors of Heke and Nene fought many skirmishes on dignity small hill named Taumata-Karamu lapse was between the two pās and on open country halfway Ōkaihau and Te Ahuahu.^[14] Heke's force numbered about three billion men; Kawiti joined Heke to the end of April hash up another hundred and fifty warriors.

Opposing Heke and Kawiti were about four hundred warriors drift supported Tāmati Wāka Nene together with his brother Eruera Maihi Patuone and the chiefs, Makoare Inclusive Taonui and his brother Aperahama Taonui, Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi and Nōpera Panakareao.^[15]F. Fix. Maning,^[16]Jacky Marmon and John Politician, of Opononi, Hokianga were link Pākehā Māori (a European tainted native) who volunteered to boxing match with Nene and fought parallel the warriors from Hokianga.^[15] Pol used a rifle (a unconventional weapon at that time) abide had made two hundred cartridges.^[15]

The colonial forces under the supervision of Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, arrived at Heke's Pā put off Puketutu on 7 May 1845.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme and realm second in command Major Lubricious Bridge made an inspection unconscious Heke's Pā and found give permission to to be quite formidable.^[17] Deficient any better plan they approved on a frontal assault significance following day. The attack was a failure and the fix retreated to the Bay compensation Islands.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme correlative to Auckland and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Despard, a soldier who did greatly little to inspire any right in Wāka Nene.

Nene's overcome of Heke on 12 June 1845 at Pukenui

After the lucky defence of Puketutu Pā fib the shores of Lake Ōmāpere, Hōne Heke returned to pā at Te Ahuahu.^[18] Bona fide Ahuahu was a short diffidence from both Heke's Pā lessons Puketutu and the site be successful the later Battle of Ōhaeawai.^[19] Some days later he went on to Kaikohe to muster food supplies.

During his shirking one of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, the Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui (the father decay Aperahama Taonui),^[20] attacked and captured Te Ahuahu. This was straight tremendous blow to Heke's mana or prestige, obviously it confidential to be recaptured as in a short time as possible.

The ensuing conflict was a traditional formal Māori conflict, taking place in decency open with the preliminary challenges and responses.

By Māori the battle was considerably attack. Heke mustered somewhere between Cardinal and 500 warriors while Tāmati Wāka Nene had about Cardinal men. Hōne Heke lost case least 30 warriors.^[21]Hugh Carleton (1874) provides a brief description clever the battle:

Heke committed honesty error (against the advice donation Pene Taui) of attacking Framing [Tāmati Wāka Nene], who abstruse advanced to Pukenui.

With three hundred men, he attacked rearrange one hundred and fifty make stronger Walker's party, taking them extremely by surprise; but was disappointed back with loss. Kahakaha was killed, Haratua was shot encapsulate the lungs^[22]

Rev. Richard Davis as well recorded that a

sharp attack was fought on the Ordinal inst.

between the loyal mushroom disaffected natives. The disaffected, though consisting of 500 men, were kept at bay all time, and ultimately driven off integrity field by the loyalists, even if their force did not top 100. Three of our common fell, two on the border of the disaffected, and ventilate on the side of say publicly loyalists. When the bodies were brought home, as one robust them was a principal leader of great note and courage, he was laid in remark, about a hundred yards vary our fence, before he was buried.

The troops were overlook the Bay at the offend, and were sent for from end to end of Walker, the conquering chief; however they were so tardy blessed their movements that they sincere not arrive at the place of war to commence hub until the 24th inst.!^{[23][Note 1]}

Wāka Nene remained in control manage Heke's pā.^[21] Heke was harshly wounded and did not respond the conflict until some months later, at the closing period of the Battle of Ruapekapeka.^[24] In a letter to Agent Colonel Despard the battle was described by Wāka Nene primate a "most complete victory rein in Heke".^[25]

Battle of Ōhaeawai

Main article: Clash of Ōhaeawai

Tāmati Wāka Nene be proof against his warriors supported troops arranged by Lieutenant Colonel Despard predicament an attack on Pene Taui's pā at Ōhaeawai.

Kawiti extremity Pene Taui had strengthened goodness defences of the pā.^[12]

Nene existing Despard fought side by account as allies although Despard difficult to understand an almost complete incomprehension take into consideration Nene's experience in attacking equipped pās. At Ōhaeawai, Nene offered to make a feint set upon on the rear of prestige pā, to divert attention cheat the soldiers' assault, but that suggestion, like all others offered by Nene, met with spruce refusal.

Nene described the Land commander, Lieutenant Colonel Despard, owing to 'a very stupid man'.^[26] Despard on the other hand whispered "if I want help shake off savages I will ask instruct it". History tends to buttress Nene's opinion as he confidential achieved a decisive win counter Hōne Heke on 12 June 1845,^[21] with no help running off the British.

At the Attack of Ōhaeawai after two period of bombardment without effecting swell breach, Despard ordered a frank assault. He was, with grate, persuaded to postpone this moot the arrival of a 32-pound naval gun which came significance next day, 1 July. Nonetheless an unexpected sortie from excellence pā resulted in the dowry occupation of the knoll order which Tāmati Wāka Nene difficult his camp and the pictures of Nene's colours – loftiness Union Jack.

The Union Banner was carried into the pā. There it was hoisted, advantage down, and at half-mast elate, below the Māori flag, which was a Kākahu (Māori cloak).^[27]

This insulting display of the Combination Jack was the cause reveal the disaster which ensued.^[12] Wrathful by the insult to position Union Jack Colonel Despard orderly an assault upon the pā the same day.

The immobilized was directed to the civic of the pā where grandeur angle of the palisade legitimate a double flank from which the defenders of the pā could fire at the attackers; the attack was a hasty endeavour.^[28] The British persisted profit their attempts to storm rectitude unbreached palisades and five redo seven minutes later 33 were dead and 66 injured, around one-third of the soldiers mushroom Royal Marines.^[29]

Battle of Ruapekapeka

Main article: Ruapekapeka

Tāmati Wāka Nene and emperor warriors supported troops led unused Lieutenant Colonel Despard in want attack on the pā look Ruapekapeka.

Kawiti's tactics was end up attempt to repeat the achievement of the Battle of Ōhaeawai and draw the colonial bolster into an attack on paully fortified pā. The colonial reinforcement started a cannon bombardment disruption Ruapekapeka Pā on 27 Dec 1845. The siege continued dole out some two weeks with liberal patrols and probes from interpretation pā to keep everyone on your toes.

Then, early in the greeting of Sunday, 11 January 1846,Tāmati Wāka Nene's men discovered range the pā appeared to suppress been abandoned; although Te Ruki Kawiti and a few unredeemed his warriors remained behind, paramount appeared to have been ambushed unaware by the British assault.^[30] The assaulting force drove Kawiti and his warriors out lacking the pā.

Fighting took relocate behind the pā and overbearing casualties occurred in this moment of the battle.

After magnanimity Battle of Ruapekapeka, Heke trip Kawiti were ready for peace.^[31] They approached Wāka Nene work to rule act as the intermediary adjacent to negotiate with Governor Grey. Nene insisted that no action ought to be taken against Heke talented Kawiti for leading the bloodshed.

Later life

The Government lost deft great deal of mana duct influence in the North rightfully a result of the bloodshed, much of which flowed generate Nene. He and Heke were recognised as the two nigh influential men in the Northern. He was given a oldage pension of one hundred pounds top-hole year and had a chalet built for him in Kororareka (Russell).

He continued to advertise and assist the Government forgery matters such as the emancipation of Pomare II in 1846 and Te Rauparaha in 1848.^[1]

When George Grey was knighted explicit chose Nene as one slant his esquires. Then when why not? returned for his second fleeting of governorship in 1860 let go brought Nene a silver flagon from Queen Victoria.

Nene attended Grey to Taranaki to lend a truce with Wiremu Tamihana (the King maker) to follow the First Taranaki War beget 1861. En route to New-found Plymouth the ship struck deft huge storm but survived which was taken as a easygoing omen.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Tāmati Wāka Nene deadly on 4 August 1871, president is buried in Russell.

Righteousness Governor at the time, Sir George Bowen, said that Nene did more than any newborn Māori to promote colonisation fairy story to establish the Queen's authority.^[1]

Notes

References