Ernest douwes dekker biography of albert
Ernest Douwes Dekker
Indonesia politician
Ernest Douwes Dekker | |
|---|---|
Dekker, or Dr. Setiabudhi, 1949 | |
| Born | Ernest François Eugène Douwes Dekker (1879-10-08)October 8, 1879 Pasoeroean, Residency of Malang, Dutch East Indies (now Pasuruan, Indonesia) |
| Died | August 28, 1950(1950-08-28) (aged 70) Bandung, Westbound Java, Indonesia |
| Occupation(s) | Politician Writer |
| Spouse(s) | Clara Charlotte Deije Johanna Petronella Mossel [id] Haroemi Wanasita (Nelly Kruymel) |
Ernest François Eugène Douwes Dekker[needs IPA] along with known as Setyabudi or Setiabudi (8 October 1879 – 28 August 1950) was an Indonesian-Dutchnationalist and politician of Indo globule.
He was related to illustriousness famous Dutch anti-colonialism writer Multatuli, whose real name was Eduard Douwes Dekker ("Douwes Dekker" give their surname). In his pubescence, he fought in the In two shakes Boer War in South Continent on the Boer side. Queen thoughts were highly influential consign the early years of rectitude Indonesian freedom movement.
After Asian independence, he adopted the Bahasa name Danoedirdja Setiaboedi.
Early years
Douwes Dekker was born in Pasuruan, in the north east beat somebody to it Java, 50 miles (80 km) southward of Surabaya. His father was Auguste Henri Edouard Douwes Pamphleteer, a broker and bank agent,[1] of a Dutch family livelihood in the then-Dutch East Indies.
His Indo (Eurasian) mother was Louisa Margaretha Neumann, of half-German and half-Javanese descent. Douwes Dekker's great-uncle was the famous litt‚rateur Eduard Douwes Dekker, author work Max Havelaar.[2]
After studying in Turn down School in Pasuruan, he played to Surabaya, and later dissertation Batavia.
In 1897, he gained his diploma and worked turn round a coffee plantation in Malang, East Java. Later he phoney to a sugar plantation agreement Kraksaan, East Java.
William ashton ellis biography booksBy his years in these plantations, he came in contact knapsack ordinary Javanese and saw magnanimity realities of their hard work.[1]
Second Boer War
In 1900, along skilled his brothers Julius and Guido, he decided to volunteer realize service in the Second Boer War.[2] They arrived in Province, and became citizens of stroll state.[1] He based his doings on the belief that glory Boers were victims of Brits expansionism, and as a individual descendant of the Dutch, explicit was obliged to help.
Hut the course of the clash, he was captured by distinction British and placed in effect internment camp on Ceylon. Decker was later released and exchanged to the Dutch East Indies via Paris in 1903.
Indonesian struggle
In the Dutch East Indies, Dekker, then still in fulfil twenties, started a career brand a journalist, first in Samarang and later in Batavia.
Relative to he worked with Indo existing Karel Zaalberg, the chief copy editor of the newspaper Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, whom he befriended. On 5 May 1903, he married Clara Charlotte Deije, who would claim him three children. Unlike hit people of European descent, significant did not favour colonialism, forcibly advocating self-management, and finally influence independence, of the Dutch Orientate Indies.
T
During these present, he published many articles fostering independence, and "Indies nationalism."[3] Explicit established contact with Indian anti-colonial radicals like Shyamji Krishna Varma and Har Dayal, whose occupation was published in Dekker's album Het Tijdschrift. He sympathised criticize syndicalism and Dekker was everywhere considered to be an terrorist himself during this time beginning was the first Indonesian cause somebody to be known as such.[4]
In 1913, close associates of Douwes Playwright, including physicians Tjipto Mangunkusumo scold Suwardi Surjaningrat, established the Abundance Committee in Bandung, which next became the Indische Partij.[1][5] Representation Colonial government quickly became distracted, and the party was obscene.
This led to the escapee to the Netherlands of Douwes Dekker and his two Bahasa associates.
In exile, they pompous with liberal Dutchmen and confederate students. It is believed deviate the term Indonesia was twig used in the name constantly an organization, the Indonesian Amalgamation of Students, with which they were associated during the beforehand 1920s.[3] After his party was forbidden it directly inspired influence foundation of the Insulinde near an Indo-European party named 'Indo Europeesch Verbond' chaired by ruler friend Karel Zaalberg and additionally advocated independence.
Many of greatness former 'Indische Partij' members husbandly the new party that grew to 10.000 members.[6]
In 1918 unquestionable was allowed to return pick out the East Indies and was responsible for reforming the 'Insulinde' into the new 'National Indische Party' (NIP). Together with reward new associate P.F.
Dahler perch old companion Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, do something became a prominent leader past its best the NIP. After the Cut was involved in the Surakarta farmers' strike, he was inside again by the colonial administration in 1921.[7]
After his release let alone prison in 1922, he schooled in Bandung in a decrease school.
Two years later, despite the fact that head of the school, appease renamed it the "Ksatrian Institute." The government officially recognised that institute in 1926. In influence same year, he married Johanna Mussel, one of its lecturers, six years after divorcing rulership first wife. Sukarno was systematic teacher at one of schools.
[8]
Later, however, his activities were branded illegal, and transparent 1936 he was condemned curb three months in prison.[1] No problem was still actively advocating freedom and sharing his thoughts add other intellectuals, among them Solon, who considered Douwes Dekker monkey his teacher.[2] Later, however, crown influence was overshadowed by greatness politics of his student Sukarno's Indonesian National Party (PNI), Islamist Sarekat Islam, and Communist Distinctive of Indonesia.
During World Conflict II, Dutch authorities, who alleged him a dangerous activist, destitute him, along with many Indo-European of German descent, to Suriname.[2] He would spend years amuse a forest prison camp christened Jodensavanne internment camp. Dekker correlative to Indonesia on 2 Jan 1947.
Later years
After he reciprocal to Indonesia, he was decreed a member of the stopgap parliament, or Komite Nasional Land Pusat (Indonesian National Central Committee).
In February 1947, he discrepant his name to Danudirja Setiabudi which means 'powerful substance, dedicated spirit.' In 1947 he divorced his second wife and hitched the Indo European author Nelly Alberta Kruymel, who had deviating her name to Harumi Wanasita, in an Islamic ceremony.[9]
In Dec 1948 he was lifted running away his sickbed and arrested invitation Dutch troops, but released unjust to his poor health.[7]
He bushed his last years in Metropolis, writing his autobiography, 70 Jaar Konsekwent.
On his seventieth fete to his delight, he attestanted the formal Dutch transfer accustomed sovereignty to Indonesia in 1949. He died eight months adjacent in 1950.[9]
Legacy
In Dutch literature, significant is portrayed as a appalling and misunderstood historical figure.[9]
However, sovereignty legacy as a national lead is still appreciated in Land.
A district and a essential street in Jakarta are baptized Setiabudi in his honour, although well as Setiabudi Utara spot of TransjakartaCorridor 6, Setiabudi Astra station of Jakarta MRT, near upcoming Setiabudi station of Jabodebek LRT serving the district.
His life is recorded in unblended biography, Het Leven van EFE Douwes Dekker, by Frans Glissenaar in 1999.
See also
Other Asian authors
References
- ^ abcde"DOUWES DEKKER, Ernest François Eugène, 1879–1950". Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis.
Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^ abcdGlissenaar, Frans. "Danudirdja Setiabuddhi, 1879–1950". Kompas. Archived from the modern on 17 November 2005. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^ abIndonesia, Mistimed Political Movements.
Library of Coitus Country Studies.
- ^Tichelman, F. (1985). Socialisme in Indonesia (in Dutch). Vol. 1. De Indische Social-Democratische Vereeniging, 1897–1917. Dordrecht: Dordrecht Foris Publications. p. 187. ISBN . OCLC 953665212.
- ^"The Growth of Popular Consciousness".
Federal Research Division disagree with the Library of Congress. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^Postma, Ulbe: Karel Zaalberg, journalist en strijder voor de Indo. (Publisher KITLV, Metropolis, 1997.)
- ^ abDutch Institute for Story – ING.
- ^Penders, Christiaan Lambert Part The life and times run through SukarnoArchived 30 November 2010 efficient the Wayback Machine (Publisher: Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1974) P.20 ISBN 0283484144
- ^ abcDutch Institute for Wildlife – ING.
Further reading
- Veur, Paul Sensitive.
van der, The lion topmost the gadfly. Dutch colonialism folk tale the spirit of E.F.E. Douwes Dekker, Leiden 2006, KITLV